At the beginning of Hamlet 's soliloquy, the audience is aware that he regrets his uncertainty to kill Claudius, avenging his father 's death. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Dont have an account? Reports reach Gertrude that Ophelia is mad. The Queen's closet. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Claudius attempts to calm Laertes and tells Gertrude to keep out of their talk and let Laertes question him to his hearts content. Hamlet lingers behind Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to reflect on the fact that these Norwegians and Poles are willing to die over land worth virtually nothing to anyone. Hamlet acknowledges this while he 's thinking, "How all occasions do inform against me/And spur my dull. Hamlet in madness has Polonius slain, And from his mother's closets has he dragged him. Fortinbras was spurred to action by his desire for revenge. Both want Hamlet to stop mourning for his father. Claudius wonders aloud how he will be able to handle this public crisis without damaging his hold on Denmark. Contact us To access all site features, create a free account now or learn more about our study tools. In weighing the willingness of the Norwegian soldiers to lay down their lives for a worthless piece of land against his own inability to act though motivated by sacred filial duty, he sees that he has stalled long enough. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. Throughout Act IV, scene ii, as in the play-within-a-play scene (Act III, scene ii), Hamlets biting, ironic wit is combined with his rash, impulsive streak, and his feigned madness seems very close to the real thing. And let them know both what we mean to do. Claudius enlists Laertess willing help in devising another plot against Hamlets life. To do this, he says, will require all his majesty and skill (IV.i.30). The basic position of Hamlet is one of befuddlement that these soldiers can go off to their deaths over a patch of worthless ground while he, who has every reason to rage and war and battle Claudius, is introspective and melancholy, and chokes off his action with excessive contemplation. He gives Laertes permission to return to France but denies Hamlets request to return to the university in Wittenberg. Explain their allegiances to Claudius. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. "Hamlet Act 4 Summary and Analysis". (one code per order). to all that fortune, death and danger dare, / Even for an eggshell." Claudius asks where Hamlet has gone, and Gertrude replies that he has gone to take the body away. This article breaks the entire speech down by sentence, analysing each point individually and explaining the deep character arcs which happen over the course of this single speech. Hamlet bases the end of his soliloquy off of the idea, conscience does make cowards of us all (3.1.91). Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Hamlet then talks about how a man looks back on his past and learns from it. Hamlets friends try to stop his following the Ghost, but Hamlet will not be held back. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Claudius asks Hamlet why does he look upset and his replies are kind smart aleck. Osric enters to ask, on Claudiuss behalf, that Hamlet fence with Laertes. The sentences Claudius use in his speech clearly imply that his relationship with Hamlet is very distorted.The antagonist continues by adding why should we in our peevish opposition/ Take it to heart?. He and Laertes struggle, with Hamlet protesting his own love and grief for Ophelia. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? The other major event of this Act is the madness of Ophelia. A messenger enters the hall carrying letters from. His sensitive, reflective naturethe trait that constantly interfered with his ability to take revenge on Claudiusnow disappears in the wake of its violent opposite: a rash, murderous explosion of activity. Discount, Discount Code SparkNotes PLUS They completely demystify Shakespeare. King Claudius's contribution to the conversation exacerbates the tension in the scene. Subscribe now. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. At the moment that the Player King is murdered in his garden by his nephew, Claudius stops the play and rushes out. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs They point out that everybody eventually loses their father and that Hamlets obstinate sorrow is not what God wants. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Horatio says that he will help to deliver the rest of their letters, one of which is addressed to the king, and then go with them to see Hamlet. Claudius orders Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to take Hamlet to England. Horatio receives from these sailors a letter from Hamlet. This is very offensive as he is saying that Hamlet is going against God's wishes. Subscribe now. During the battle with the privateers, Hamlet boarded their ship, and the pirates have kept Hamlet prisoner in exchange for a favor. Act IV: Scene 4. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. If there is no purpose to life, Hamlet feels that man is no better than ___________? for a customized plan. While Claudius drinks away the night, Hamlet, Horatio, and Marcellus are visited by the Ghost. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? After Hamlet leaves, Claudius rises, saying that he has been unable to pray. She asks to speak to the king alone. In his sudden realization, he confesses his procrastination and it all becomes clear that he was aware of it the whole time. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. In fact, this quote is not only the question but can also be viewed as the dilemma, because the impossibility of certainty in ones decisions can make action tuff for some people, like Hamlet. Before Hamlet dies, he asks Horatio to tell the full story that has led to these deaths and gives Fortinbras his support for the kingship. Read more about Hamlet as the protagonist. Did Gertrude have an affair with Claudius before he killed Hamlets father? The fourth section specifies Hamlet's perplexity over the Poles' and Norwegians' willingness to die for so little in contrast to his own inability to act on so much. When comparing himself to Fortibras, Hamlet finds that he is: What request does Fortinbras make to Claudius? After Hamlet exits, Claudius decides that Hamlets erratic behavior is not caused by love and announces a plan to send Hamlet on an embassy to England. He also says that God has blessed humans with it for a reason so one should use it to its fullest capabilities. They are at the borders of Denmark. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Now, Hamlet hides the body. Shakespeare has successfully sent us the message that Claudius is a very insensitive man and that Hamlet is feeling great aversion towards him and this is a reason why their relationship is very weak. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Claudius admits to being a hypocrite when it comes to Hamlet, and to justice, out of a desire to preserve his own good appearance in the eyes of the public. Hamlet urges Horatio to let the sailors give another letter from the pirates to the king, and then come for him at once. creating and saving your own notes as you read. As she leaves Claudius tells Laertes to inquire into the matter as deeply as he wishes, confident that he will find himself aligned with Claudius against Hamlet. When Laertes breaks in on Claudius and Gertrude, Claudius asserts his innocence with regard to Poloniuss death. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. And as soon as he hears of the murder, Claudiuss mind begins working to find a way to characterize the killing so that it does not seem like a political crisis to his court and to the people of Denmark. Hamlet is at first courteous to Ophelia, but suddenly he turns on her: he denies having loved her, asks where her father is, attacks womankind, and tells her she should enter a nunnery. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Every teacher of literature should use these translations. He reads the letter aloud. Purchasing You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. He remarks, Rightly to be great / Is not to stir without great argument, / But greatly to find quarrel in a straw / When honors at the stake. In other words, the greatness of man comes not with the greatness of an occasion, but with treating any occasion, however petty, as an occasion for greatness. She sings another song about her dead father and exits abruptly. Hamlet then verbally attacks his mother for marrying Claudius. The broody prince does what he does best in this scene ponder the point of life itself. If he fails, Claudius will give Hamlet a poisoned cup of wine. Claudius tells Laertes that Polonius is dead. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Read our modern English translation of this scene. Just so, Laertes vengeful return, like Fortinbras military example, serves as a contrast to Hamlets own hesitating, over-thinking character. Come, Gertrude, we'll call up our wisest friends. Be sure you understand this important scene by taking the quiz over Act 1, Scene 4 of Hamlet from eNotes. Gertrude enters with yet more tragic news. Hamlet soon realizes that the corpse is Ophelias. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern question Hamlet about Polonius whereabouts. Scene 4 Enter Fortinbras with his army over the stage. Claudius gives Hamlet a speech basically telling him that losing a father. He turns his contemplation of whether or not he should kill himself into one surrounding the extent and limitations of human thought. What is the significance of the gravediggers? The queen recounts Poloniuss murder to her husband, but maintains hope for her son. The speech of Hamlet O that this too sullied flesh would melt, But break, my heart, for I must hold my tongue. (1.2.129-159) is where we can see Hamlets sadness towards his mother, Gertrude and his uncle Claudius and feels disappointed about their decision of getting married. In a half-crazed state he insists that Claudius give him Polonius. (including. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. The rabble call him Lord. Polonius rushes off to tell the king. Theres something for everyone. He then tells her about Claudiuss plan to send him to England and reveals his suspicions that the journey is a plot against him, which he resolves to counter violently. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. On cue, a messenger arrives with word that Laertes has come to court with a mob of followers who wish to depose Claudius and make Laertes king. Polonius sends his servant Reynaldo to Paris to question Laertess acquaintances. Hamlet, who has returned safely to confront the king, agrees to a fencing match with Ophelias brother, Laertes, who secretly poisons his own rapier. Though Hamlet has many admirable qualities, scenes such as this one serve as powerful reminders that we are not meant to take the prince as an unqualified hero. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Accompany him back to Claudius. What does the Ghost seem to imply about Hamlet? Hamlet, mourning for his fathers death, is left alone to vent his despair at what he regards as his mothers all too hasty marriage to his uncle, Claudius. Hamlet continues to say, thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought (3.1.92-3), stating that too much contemplation misguides our actions and therefore causes us to neglect them. Hamlet decides to kill Claudius when the king is committing a sin so that Claudius will instead go to hell. GradeSaver, 30 August 2009 Web. Dont have an account? Along with Rosencrantz, Guildenstern is ordered to find Poloniuss hidden body. Claudius says that on top of this he will prepare a poisoned cup and give it to Hamlet during the fight. William Shakespeares play tells a tale of revenge, filial duty, and devotion. Fortinbras sends one of his captains to the court of Claudius to ask permission to cross Denmark in the course of their march to Poland. Given the immediate evidence of Gertrudes testimony, however, there is no reason at all to believe that she killed herself. Incorporating different conventions of graphic novels, as well as including original quotations from the play made this assignment even better because you had to take in many aspects of film while making it flow. When he refers to Hamlet as my son Hamlet immediately rebuffs him, saying that he is a little more kin and a little less kind. Claudius suggests that Laertes be given a sharp sword while Hamlets remains blunt. As they talk, a company of touring actors enters. In her madness, it seems as though Ophelias inner dam, so to speak, has broken, and all of her contained knowledge of sexuality, and of the unfair position of women within her culture, has come rushing out. He also mentions in his speech that young Fortinbras has written to him, rashly demanding the surrender of the lands King Hamlet won from Fortinbrass father, and dispatches Cornelius and Voltimand with a message for the King of Norway, Fortinbrass elderly uncle. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. O'erbears your officers. Steeped within his own pool of madness, the prince of Denmark seeks to avenge the premature death of his father. The king seems to have explained the strange occasion of Polonius death to Laertes satisfaction. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Hamlet mockingly departs, leaving Claudius to reflect on his plans for Hamlet. Go seek him out, speak fair, and bring the body. on 50-99 accounts. Why does Laertes break into Claudiuss chamber? Complete your free account to request a guide. From here on, he will shed his attachment to the words that cause a deed's "currents to turn awry and lose the name of action.". Why is Hamlet surprised at Fortinbras's attempt to conquer a part of Poland? Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. At the match, Claudius prepares poisoned wine for Hamlet, which Gertrude unknowingly drinks; as she dies, she accuses Claudius, whom Hamlet kills. The ratifiers and props of every word. Gertrude cannot see the Ghost and pities Hamlets apparent madness. He tells Horatio to follow the sailors to where he is hiding. Wed love to have you back! A messenger approaches Horatio, saying that some sailors have news for him. Gertrude recounts Hamlets latest behavior to Claudius. In Gertrudes room, Polonius hides behind a tapestry. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Laertes agrees. Hamlet Act 4 Scene 4. As brief as it is, Act IV, scene i is a magnificent example of Shakespeare's skill at developing characters, illustrated by the subtle development of Claudius. He urges her as well not to reveal to Claudius that his madness has been an act. Deepen your understanding of his works and their cultural influence. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. In Poloniuss chambers, Laertes says good-bye to his sister, Ophelia, and tells her not to trust Hamlets promises of love. Instant PDF downloads. The news of Ophelias death further inspires Laertess fury and desire to kill Hamlet. Into the chapel. Scene 5 opens back at the castle in Elsinore, where Hamlet has been gone a few days. Hamlet is straight up capping, he may have the cause and strength and means to take revenge but not the will. Hamlet comes upon him kneeling and draws his sword, but then stops to think that if he kills Claudius at prayer, Claudius will go to heaven. When Rosencrantz and Guildenstern exit, she tells Claudius about her encounter with Hamlet. Left alone, Claudius reveals his remorse for killing his brother, and he tries to pray. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. bookmarked pages associated with this title. Discover Shakespeares stories and the world that shaped them. ponder the point of life itself. Now look at the Ghosts reply: I find thee apt,/ And duller shouldst thou be than the fat weed/ That roots itself in ease on Lethe wharf/ Wouldst thou not stir in this (I, v, 36-39). In Act 4, what does Hamlet call his thoughts? Explain Claudius's purpose in his speech to Hamlet. The Queen, Horatio, and a gentleman are discussing poor, tormented Ophelia, who has shattered under the strain of her father's death and Hamlet's cruelty and has gone completely insane. Claudius questions Hamlet as to where he has taken Polonius. She says that Ophelia has drowned. Paraphrase this. answer choices writing sign language songs blinking Question 4 900 seconds Q. Claudius reflects on the difficulty of their situation, admitting that their decision to cover up Hamlets deed and bury Polonius so covertly has gone against them. Want 100 or more? The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. This is where a man gets his wisdom from, Bestial oblivion, or some craven scruple of thinking too precisely on the event, a thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom (4.4.41-43). In the middle of Hamlets attack, the Ghost returns to remind Hamlet that his real purpose is to avenge his fathers death. Laertes does him one better, saying that he will dip his sword in poison so that the least scratch will kill Hamlet. He also insinuates that he and Laertes are on the same side that he has been injured by Polonius death too. Summary and Analysis They completely demystify Shakespeare. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. He also declares that his step-sons behaviour is It shows a will most incorrect to heaven. Untermacher, John. ", Hamlet finally realizes that his duty to revenge is so great that the end must justify the means. Hamlet agrees to the contest, despite his misgivings. $24.99 Throughout the entirety of Hamlet, Shakespeare is able to showcase his prowess as a writer by creating a truly three dimensional character. Struggling with distance learning? and any corresponding bookmarks? Ace your assignments with our guide to Hamlet! The captain meets with Hamlet, who is being conveyed by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to the ship to England. on 50-99 accounts. Hamlet is brought to Claudius, who tells him that he is to leave immediately for England. In the scuffle that follows, Hamlet forces an exchange of rapiers, and Hamlet wounds Laertes. In the contemplation of this idea, he transitions into a more philosophical and ambiguous tone, discussing the implications of questioning life versus death. They cry, "Choose we! Whatever the case, it is Gertrudes speech to Claudius that cements the kings secret plan to have Hamlet executed in England. The third section sets Fortinbras' example of how Hamlet should act. Alone, Claudius reveals that he is sending Hamlet to his death. Laertes and Claudius want there to be no opportunity for failure, and devise complex actions to ensure that their plan is rock-solid. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. He hangs back from the others marching to the ship and delivers a long soliloquy on the irony of this occasion these men are off to risk their lives for a worthless piece of land, while he, who has every reason to risk his life in the cause of revenge, delays and fails to act. You can divide the soliloquy into five thematic sections: The first section identifies Hamlet's mission: revenge. This news reignites Laertes rage and Claudius goes to console him. At last he agrees to allow Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to escort him to Claudius. Any account of things in this play whether the testimony of the ghost, the murmurings of Laertes followers, or this eye-witness account of Gertrudes leads to quite divergent interpretations. A messenger arrives and delivers a letter to Claudius, who is greatly surprised to learn that the letter comes from Hamlet. They have left their homes and committed themselves to a principle no more substantive than an eggshell. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! Horatio decides to tell his fellow student, Prince Hamlet, about the Ghosts appearance. Enter QUEEN GERTRUDE and POLONIUS LORD POLONIUS He will come straight. In the play Hamlet, Shakespeare. from your Reading List will also remove any This, as much as the death itself, prompts the two events most central to Act Four, the return of Laertes and the madness of Ophelia. (including. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. In this soliloquy we discover how Hamlet is purely a follower; he needs to compare himself to another person in order to realize his own flaws. Refine any search. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Where Hamlet has only trepidation, Fortinbras has nothing but resolve. Hamlet, blind by his own emotional transitions, is not aware until it is too late that his counterpart to the north also plots and prepares. Struggling with distance learning? After thanking his courtiers for their recent support, he dispatches ambassadors to Norway to halt a threatened attack from Fortinbras. With this in mind, Claudius and Laertes plot to find a means of killing Hamlet without upsetting Gertrude or the people. Wed love to have you back! Claudius begins to talk to Laertes and Laertes asks the king could he return to France and Claudius lets him. Bring Shakespeares work to life in the classroom. He cant feel the pain Hamlet is enduring and thats why he thinks Hamlet is overreacting. I pray you haste in this. Throughout the entirety of Hamlet, Shakespeare is able to showcase his prowess as a writer by creating a truly three dimensional character. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. LitCharts Teacher Editions. What effect does this meeting have on Hamlet? In Claudius's long speech, refers to Hamlets grief as unmanly suggestion that his actions are and fitting for a man. "Laertes shall be king, Laertes king!" Next we see Fortinbras Norwegian army. Five questions let you . Support us to bring Shakespeare and his world to life for everyone. Whether he is a man of action like Fortinbras or one of inaction, like Hamlet, remains to be seen. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. In this way, Claudius emerges as a figure of powerful contrast to the more forthright men in the play, including Laertes, Fortinbras, and Horatio, and the far more morally conscious Prince Hamlet. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Polonius joins them, sends Laertes off, then echoes Laertess warnings to Ophelia, finally ordering her not to see Hamlet again. Please wait while we process your payment. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. He begins to discuss existence in general, rather than this idea in the context of his life or everyones lives. What he needs, or what his fathers spirit needs, is bloody deeds, not thoughts, and those are, as ever, beyond our protagonist. Hamlet tries desperately to convince Gertrude that he is not mad but has merely feigned madness all along, and he urges her to forsake Claudius and regain her good conscience. Leave Denmark. Refine any search. In act 1 scene 2 of Hamlet the character Hamlet speaks his first soliloquy which reveals his innermost thoughts and feelings to the audience. He questions a captain and learns that the Norwegians plan to wage war over a worthless patch of land in Poland. Sometimes it can end up there. Up until now, the consequences of the murder he must commit worried him, and he thought "too precisely on th'event." The early twentieth century critic A.C. Bradley once illustrated Shakespeares gift for characterization by observing that if Othello were in Hamlets place the play would be about thirty minutes long as soon as he learned of the murder, he would kill Claudius and likewise if Hamlet were in Othellos he would immediately see through Iagos plottings and simply laugh the intrigue away. Hamlet, now free to act, mistakenly kills Polonius, thinking he is Claudius. Five questions let you know in a flash if you have a good grasp of the major points of this scene. Why does Hamlet encourage the actor to recite the speech about Pyrrhus and Priam? Hamlet Act 4 Scene 4 Quiz - eNotes.com Hamlet Act 4 Scene 4 Quiz The broody prince does what he does best in this scene. Hamlets speech also shows how the human mind is a powerful thing and that it should be used to its fullest to achieve any objective. Hamlet realizes that Fortinbras and his entire army are more decisiveand thus more powerfulthan Hamlet, even though they have less motivation, it would seem, to march on Poland. This constitutes his madness as he is seemingly an intelligent man, as suggested by some of his previous soliloquies, but yet is unable to see his own wrongdoings until after it becomes too late. Be sure you understand Hamlet's philosophy as he compares himself to Fortinbras by taking the quiz over Act 4, Scene 4 of Hamlet from eNotes. He weeps for what is done. Hamlets murder of Polonius at the end of Act III is one of the most disturbing moments in the play. Hamlet kills Claudius. Teachers and parents! As Hamlet says in Act Two, [T]here is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so. If there is one lesson to take from Hamlet, it is this that by our very nature we cannot ever know the truth, only interpretations of the truth. Hamlet finds in Fortinbras's vigorous activity a model for himself in avenging his father's murder; Hamlet resolves upon bloody action. Our April festival celebrating 400 years of Shakespeare's First Folio, Our award-winning performances of Shakespeare, adaptations, and new works, Our early music ensemble Folger Consort and more, Our longstanding O.B. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. (including. ANALYSIS. On his way to England, Hamlet observes Fortinbras leading his troops through Denmark toward Poland. With her madness, however, she suddenly has a deluge of lines and a rich, multi-layered, startling consciousness. Hamlet resolves to avenge his father at last. Learn about the building renovation and start planning your visit. FORTINBRAS Go, Captain, from me greet the Danish king. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. In this soliloquy Hamlets unstable state of mind is evident as well as his feelings of despair about his fathers death and his disgust of his mothers remarriage to his uncle Claudius. Events before the start of Hamlet set the stage for tragedy. But rather than being overwhelmed with contrition, as we might expect of a hero who has committed such a terrible mistake, he seems manic, desperate, and self-righteous, especially in his condemnation of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. PLUS. In an audience chamber in Elsinore, Claudius, the new king of Denmark, holds court. Look you lay home to him: Tell him his pranks have been too. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. She says that he is as mad as the sea during a violent storm; she also tells Claudius that Hamlet has killed Polonius. Claudius asks where Hamlet has gone and Gertrude says that he has taken the body away. Contact us Claudius and Laertes are in conference. Hamlet refuses to give them a straight answer, instead saying, The body is with the king, but the king is not with the body (IV.ii.2526). You can view our. Not affiliated with Harvard College. In contrast, Hamlet has been calm, reflective, passive, playful, morbid, and impotent in his own long-delayed quest for revenge a quest which has led rather to an attempt to find motivation to revenge, to reflect on the nature of revenge, the nature of man, and the nature of Hamlet. It signals to Hamlet. Gertrude speaks of Claudius as Hamlet's father already, showing how she has forgotten of the Old Hamlet within a short space of time. Hamlet: Act 3, scene 4. The manner of Ophelias deathsuicideshows that even she was more able to take action against her own life than Hamlet, whose endless musings on the value of suicide have led him nowhere. The traveling actors perform, in dumb show and then with dialogue, a story that includes many elements of Claudiuss alleged seduction of Gertrude and murder of King Hamlet. He feels ashamed that even though he himself has good reason for revenge, hes been unable to muster the action of even Fortinbrass hired mercenaries. Instant PDF downloads. Polonius echoes her cry, and Hamlet, thinking Polonius to be Claudius, stabs him to death. Hamlet realizes that he must take actions into his own hands and kill Claudius because he has everything in his power to do the deed.

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